His or her understudy is the pilot, who has attained the same level of training. The commander is the captain of the ship, who gives orders and makes decisions affecting the crew and mission. There are several classifications of astronauts. Image to right: The STS-114 crew poses in their space suits. Astronaut candidate applicants, as well as applicants in all fields, have a much better chance for selection if they are involved in a wide range of interests and academic pursuits. Pilot astronaut candidates also must have completed at least 1,000 hours of pilot-flying time. Most astronaut candidates have advanced degrees, as well as years of continuing experience in a related field. The job requirement specifies a minimum of a bachelor's degree in engineering, biological science, physical science or mathematics. Credit: NASAĪnyone applying for a slot in an astronaut candidate class must be well-prepared. Image to left: Guion Bluford was the first African-American to fly on the Space Shuttle. 1992: NASA's first African-American woman astronaut was Mae Jemison.1983: NASA's first African-American astronaut was Guion Bluford.1983: Sally Ride was America's first female astronaut to fly on the Space Shuttle.He was also the first astronaut to become an educator. 1969: Neil Armstrong was the first human to set foot on the surface of the Moon.1963: Russian Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to fly in space.1962: John Glenn was the first American to orbit the Earth.1961: Alan Shepard was the first American to fly in space.1961: Russian Yuri Gagarin was the first human to fly in space.Since then there has been a series of milestones in the history of human spaceflight, including: The first astronaut team, comprised of seven men, was selected in 1959. NASA's astronaut corps, representing almost all 50 states, has over 300 current and former members. Image to right: Being an astronaut seems exciting to most people on Earth. Who are the men and women who make up the astronaut corps? Is there a special quality that makes someone astronaut material? Can you think of any job more exciting than being an astronaut? Any astronaut will tell you, the hours are long, the work is hard and far from glamorous, but it's definitely exciting and rewarding.
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